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Can A Cabbage A Day
Keep Cancer Away?
If you are a woman,
you should be concerned about breast cancer. If you are a man, you should be
concerned about prostate cancer. And if you are concerned about either breast
cancer or prostate cancer, you should know that eating cruciferous vegetables,
such as broccoli and cabbage, is really good for you. Eating half of a head of
cabbage each day or extremely large amounts of other cruciferous vegetables is
what it would take to get the kind of health risk reduction you're looking
for-and that is neither practical nor palatable. But, if science could separate
the cancer fighting substance in the vegetables and pack them into a pill or
capsule, it might actually help save your life. That is precisely what has
happened.
What is indole-3--
carbinol (I3C)?
The indole group of sulfur compounds binds to chemical carcinogens and activates
enzymes that in turn detoxify those chemical carcinogens. Indole-3carbinol (130
is a phytonutrient that occurs naturally in certain cruciferous vegetables,
appearing to affect estrogen metabolism in ways that might help prevent breast
cancer,1 and
indole-3-carbinol may also be critical in preventing or retarding prostate
cancer.2
I3C is the specific phytonutrient that has been shown to act as a catalyst to
pull estradiol down a benign pathway to 2-hydroxyestrone. After isolating I3C,
scientists have been able to prepare nutraceuticals of I3C at the proper
physiologic dose to help prevent both breast cancer in women and prostate cancer
in men. Every non-pregnant woman3
and every man should consider taking pharmacy grade I3C as part of his or her
daily nutraceutical regimen for disease prevention.
What does
indole-3-carbinol do?
In 1991 researchers at the Institute for Hormone Research in New York City
proved that I3C significantly reduced the incidence and, in fact, the number of
tumors in female mice prone to developing breast cancer. In human studies,
levels of "strong" estrogen declined and levels of "weak"
estrogen increased and most important, there was a marked decrease in the level
of the estrogen metabolite associated with breast and endometrial cancer (16--
alpha-hydroxyestrone). Furthermore, I3C fits into the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah)
receptor but according to researchers at Texas A&M, unlike the toxic
chemical dioxin, that also activates the Ah receptor, I3C not only positively
affects estrogen metabolism but I3C also can keep dioxin out of the cells.
But if I3C alters
estrogen metabolism, how can it be effective in preventing or even retarding
prostate cancer? When the cancer cell is stopped at the checkpoint, the body has
more of a chance to destroy it before it can grow. Furthermore, because it is
the balance of hormone cells in prostate cancer that is important, rather than
the level of any particular hormone, how is it possible for I3C to be effective
against prostate cancer?
The answer is
that its effectiveness against prostate cancer comes from the other anticancer
properties that I3C contains. Indole-3-carbinol has been shown to force cancer
cells to stop at "checkpoints," like a normal, healthy cell does
before replicating. It also has the potential to help restore communication to
the sex hormones through the Ah receptor discussed above. In prostate cancer,
sex hormone cells cannot communicate normally, telling other cells to do things
like grow. It appears that I3C is one of a few substances4 that have the ability
to restore communications.
Will
indole-3-carbinol absolutely prevent breast cancer or stop or retard prostate
cancer?
No one knows for sure, but current government studies are very promising. The
problem seems to be that these studies are too limited in scope (less than 250
women) and lacking the hundreds of millions of dollars that have gone into the
research and development of synthetic chemicals like tamoxifen. Can it be that
the money for research and development is more likely to go to drugs on which
companies can claim patents rather than on such natural substances as those
found in a head of cabbage?
Meanwhile, even the
American Cancer Society has advised men to reduce their risk of prostate cancer
by increasing their intake of cruciferous vegetables. Studies, such as in 1998
from the University of California at Berkeley,5
have shown that
indole-3-carbinol was 30 percent more effective than tamoxifen in inhibiting the
growth of estrogen receptor-- positive breast cancer cells. Thus it would be
wise to take heed of what your grandmother used to tell you: "Eat your
vegetables. They're good for you."
References:
1. American Institute for Cancer Research, September 25, 2000.
2. Cohen, J. H., et
al. "Fruit and vegetable intakes and prostate cancer risk," Journal of
the National Cancer Institute, (2000).Vol. 92 pp. 61-8.
3. It is important
to note that pregnant women should not take I3C because it modulates estrogen.
Many pregnant women have a natural aversion to cruciferous vegetables; this may
be du, to the changes in estrogen metabolism that normally occur with pregnancy.
4. Cover, Carolyn
M., Bjeldanes, Firestone et al. Journal of Biological Chemist February 13, 1998.
5. Journal of the
British Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, August 2000, p.33.
6. Journal of
Cellular Biochemistry Supplements 28/29:111-6. Strang Cancer Prevention Center,
New York, NY.
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