Nutraceuticals Phytochemicals Benefits A/Z

Nutraceuticals Phytochemicals A Thru F
Nutraceuticals Phytochemicals G Thru N
Nutraceuticals Phytochemicals O Thru Z

Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals Their Benefits from A to Z

Nutraceutical
Any substance that may be considered a food or part of a food that provides health benefits, including the prevention or treatment of disease. They range
from isolated nutrients to genetically engineered "designer foods".

Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals are chemicals produced by plants. They are substances that limit the growth of cancer cells.

It is believed that the phytochemicals found in strawberries, blueberries, and spinach have the power to increase "cell membrane fluidity". This would also nutrients to easily pass through the cells.

Phytochemicals can aid in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and cancer. Different fruits and vegetables are believed to fight off different types of cancer.

Phytochemicals in Fruits & Vegetables

Alliin, Allicin and Allylic Sulfides: Found in Garlic and Other Allium Vegetables. Garlic, ginger, onions, leeks, shallots and chives contain a number of compounds that have been associated with lower incidence of gastric and colorectal cancers.

Possible benefits: The mechanism by which garlic may inhibit tumor growth in humans and animals is unknown. However, garlic's aqueous extracts, called alliin and allicin, have been found to inhibit human tumor cell proliferation in culture. There is as yet no evidence that these substances will reduce prostate cancer growth in animals or humans. However, garlic is one of the oldest natural medicines known to man and can easily be included in recipes or taken as a tablet supplement. The active sulfur compounds may inhibit development of prostate tumors.

Garlic contains allicin, a potent anti-cancer agent. It may also lower cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risk of cancer. One-third teaspoon of the powder provides as much allicin as a garlic clove.

Aloe Vera

Aloe vera has historically been known for assisting the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, and for its properties of soothing, cleansing and helping the body to maintain healthy tissues. This plant has a reputation of facilitating digestion, aiding blood and lymphatic circulation, as well as kidney, liver and gall bladder functions. Aloe contains at least three anti-inflammatory fatty acids that are helpful for the stomach, small intestine and colon. It naturally alkalizes digestive juices to prevent over acidity - a common cause of digestive complaints. A newly discovered compound in aloe, acemannen, is currently being studied for its ability to strengthen the immune system. Studies have shown acemannen to boost T-lymphocyte cells that aid natural resistance

Alpha carotene found in carrots.

Possible benefits: A powerful antioxidant carotenoid that the body converts to vitamin A, as needed. In population studies, alpha carotene is related to reduced risk of lung cancer. It may slow the proliferation of cancer cells.

Cancer-Fighting Antioxidants: Bread crust and stuffing contain cancer-fighting compounds. Bread crust is a rich source of cancer-fighting antioxidants and may provide a much stronger health benefit than the rest of the bread. This is good news for those who like to complement their holiday meals with bread stuffing, which is rich in crust.

The discovery of a cancer-fighting compound that is concentrated in the crust was made by German chemist Thomas Hofmann in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

Anthocyanins are the color of blue or purple. Blueberries, blackberries, elderberries, purple grapes and black currants are rich sources of anthocyanins. Prunes, eggplant, raisins and plums are among the foods highest in phenolics.

Possible benefits: Both of these phytochemicals are antioxidants that help reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease and Alzheimer's disease, and may even help slow some of the effects of aging, according to the NCI.

Anti-oxidants The controversy about whether to treat cancer with anti-oxidants is slowly resolving with the newer understanding of how they affect the activity of genes and enzymes in cancer cells. The prevailing data shows that the benefits, or lack of benefits, depend upon the oxidative state the cancer cells are in. Anti-oxidants taken when the cells are in a very high oxidative state may prevent them from entering apoptosis or from committing suicide. When oxidative stress in cancer cells is only slightly above normal, however, then anti-oxidants are expected to stop their growth and reproduction.

Apigenin found in Chinese cabbage, bell pepper, celery, garlic, guava, and French peas.

Benzyaldehyde found in figs.

Possible benefits: Sources of Cancer-Fighting Agents.

Beta-Crytoxanthin: Helps prevent cancer.

Beta Carotene: Found in green, yellow orange & red fruits and vegetables such as asparagus, broccoli, cantaloupe, carrots, pumpkins, spinach, squash, sweet potatoes, and watermelon.

Possible benefits: Beta Carotene's possible benefits include reduced risk of cataracts, coronary artery disease, and breast cancer; enhances immunity for the elderly. Studies suggest that consuming beta-carotene may be effective in reducing the risk of prostate cancer in men who have low blood levels of beta-carotene.

It is also a precursor to vitamin A (retinol). If the body is in need Beta Carotene converts to vitamin A. If the body has enough vitamin A Beta Carotene acts as an antioxidant protecting cells from free radicals.
Note--Large amounts of Beta Carotene supplements have been found to increase lung cancer in men who smoked and drank.

Beta-glucans

Beta-glucans stimulate the activation of NK cells and therefore are helpful against tumors. Has also been used to stop certain bacterial infections.

Beta-sitosterol found in beans, corn oil, nuts, peas, seeds, soybeans, wheat germ and whole grains.

Possible benefits: May decrease symptoms associated with BPH, and may also help to increase urine flow. Studies have linked beta-sitosterol with a lower risk of prostate cancer.

A very recent study from the State University of New York at Buffalo concluded that the plant sterols decrease the growth of prostate cells, whereas cholesterol increases their growth. Another study concluded that beta-sitosterol increases prostate cancer cell death four-fold.

Bioflavonoids are found in oranges, tangerines, peaches, pears, yellow pepper, grapefruit, clementines, nectarines, pineapple, lemons, apricots, papaya and yellow raisins.

Possible benefits: They work with vitamin C to help reduce the risk of cancer, strengthen bones and teeth, heal wounds, keep skin healthy and lower the risk of heart attacks, the NCI reports.

Bromelain found in pineapple.

Possible benefits: Sources of Cancer-Fighting Agents.

Butyl Phthalide found in celery.

Possible benefits: it's the distinctive taste and smell of celery, but also offers protection against cancer, high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. No wonder the ancient Greeks gave stalks of celery as trophies for their athletes.

Caffeic acid and ferulic acid found in apples, asparagus, cabbage, grains, spinach, and tomatoes.

Possible benefits: Sources of Cancer-Fighting Agents. Ferulic Acid - Anti tumor - promoter, anti inflammatory, anti-viral, and arteriodilator.

Calcium found in leafy green vegetables (collard greens, kale), low-fat dairy products.

Possible benefits: helps to protect against osteoporosis, which strikes more than 2 million men in the U.S. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, one in five victims of osteoporosis is male and one in eight men over age 50 will suffer from an osteoporosis-related fracture.

Cancer-Fighting Antioxidants found in bread crust and stuffing.

Possible benefits: Bread crust is a rich source of cancer-fighting antioxidants and may provide a much stronger health benefit than the rest of the bread. This is good news for those who like to complement their holiday meals with bread stuffing, which is rich in crust.

The discovery of a cancer-fighting compound that is concentrated in the crust was made by German chemist Thomas Hofmann in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

Canned corn is a disease-fighter.

Possible benefits: Canned corn may be healthier for you than corn on the cob, according to a study by Cornell University scientists. The researchers say that heat processing of sweet corn significantly raises the level of naturally occurring compounds that help fight disease, including cancer and heart disease. The study was reported by Dr. Rui Hai Liu in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

Capsaicin is the source of heat found in chili peppers, also in red peppers.

Possible benefits: include reduced risk of colon, gastric and rectal cancers; inhibits tumor growth. Destroys cancer causing substances. May significantly reduce chronic, debilitating nerve pain associated with a range of diseases when used in high doses. It is also a digestive aid, a topical painkiller, and a potential cancer-fighting compound.

Carevol found in cumin.

Possible benefits: Cumin, which is used in Indian cooking and comes in black and yellow -brown varieties, contains the anticancer agents carevol and limonene. A study of 964 urology patients at Israel’s Western Galilee Hospital showed that the patients consuming the most water, olive oil, and cumin were least likely to develop prostate cancer.

Carnosol and ursolic acid found in Rosemary and sage.

Possible benefits: potent antioxidants that possess anti-tumor activity. Rosemary is a rich source of carnosol, a compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activity. Studies suggest that carnosol detoxifies substances than can initiate the breast cancer process. It may also protect against skin and lung cancers.

The carnosol found in rosemary has demonstrated potent anticancer properties in animal studies. It increases the production of an enzyme that protects cellular DNA from being damaged, and in one test appeared to have some success in offsetting the effects of a carcinogen known to cause breast cancer.

Carotenoids found in sweet potatoes, tomatoes and watermelons.

Possible benefits: A family of antioxidants that are also pigments in plants, giving foods such as tomatoes, watermelon and sweet potatoes their bright colors. Although more than 600 have been identified, only a handful are found in measurable quantities in the human body: alpha carotene, beta carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin and cryptoxanthin. But around a dozen may be important.

Carotenoids appear to play an anticancer role and enhance immunity. Lycopene is increasingly gaining ground as the most powerful antioxidant in the carotenoid family, particularly in relation to prostate and breast cancer. Two carotenoids found in the eye, lutein and zeaxanthin, are believed to protect against the leading cause of blindness in people over 65. Carotenoids also may play a role in heart health: In LDL oxidation, antioxidants are consumed in a sequence that begins with vitamin E; lycopene is next, followed by beta carotene.

Although carotenoids appear to be heat resistant, sunlight breaks them down in the presence of oxygen, so don't cut up vegetables and leave them out on the counter for a long time before using them. Cooking foods lightly makes their carotenoids more readily available.

Catechin found in apples, berries, black and green tea, chocolate, grapes, and wine.

Possible benefits: include increased immune function; decreased cholesterol production. Studies suggest that a particular catechin found in green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), may be good for the prostate by suppressing growth of tumors as well as inhibiting enzymes that are involved in the spread of cancer cells.

Catechin Hydrate found in tea leaves.

Possible benefits: thanks to their cancer-fighting properties, tea leaves could give everybody a great future.

Chlorgenic acid found in tomatoes.

Possible benefits: Sources of Cancer-Fighting Agents.

CO-ENYME Q10 found in Oily fish, spinach, eggs, and wheat germ.

Possible benefits: helps prevent heart disease, may help prevent cancer and anti-aging.

Complex carbohydrates found in beans, breads, cereals, grains, legumes, pastas, potatoes, and whole grains.

Possible benefits: promote energy and are particularly good for athletic types because complex carbohydrates are stored in your muscles in the form of glycogen, the storage form of energy that is used when your body requires it.

Coumarins found in citrus fruits.

Possible benefits: A class of widely occurring phenolic compounds, especially abundant in citrus fruits, that may help the enzymes that fend off cancer.

Coumestans found in clover and alfalfa sprouts.

Possible benefits:

Coumesterol found in soy products.

Possible benefits:

Cruciferous Vegetables

Research conducted by Dr. Jon Michnovicz of the Institute for Hormone Research and Dr. Leon Bradlow of the Strang Institute, suggests that increased consumption of cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage and Brussels sprouts may reduce the risk of certain cancers, particularly breast cancer. Cruciferous vegetables contain indoles - a unique class of phytonutrients that have been scientifically shown to balance hormone levels, detoxify the intestines and liver and reinforce the body's immune system.

Curcumin is found in curry and cumin and helps reduce activity of the enzymes called tyrosine kinase and protein kinase, which otherwise stimulate the growth and spread of cancer.

Cryptoxanthin found in orange fruits, especially mango, oranges, papayas and tangerines.

Possible benefits: A carotenoid that's been associated with a decreased risk of cervical cancer.

Cynarin found in artichokes. The highest concentrations in the leaves.

Possible benefits: Lower Cholesterol levels. It also possesses a choleretic (bile stimulating) effect which is very important in adequate transport to the gallbladder decreasing liver damage.

Daidzein found in soy products (with isoflavones).

Possible benefits: preliminary studies show that daidzein may help to maintain muscle mass.

Dithiolthiones found in cruciferous vegetables.

Possible benefits:

Ellagic Acid found in blackberries, blueberries, boysenberries, cranberries, currants, grapes, pecans, red raspberries, seeds, strawberries and wine.

Possible benefits: reduces cancer risk for breast, pancreas, esophageal, skin, colon and prostate cancer cells; inhibits carcinogen binding to DNA; reduces LDL cholesterol while increasing HDL cholesterol. This phytochemical may fight cancer in humans.

Ellagic acid triggers apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. This is “self-destruction”.

Unpublished research at the Hollings Cancer Center shows that one cup of raspberries per week will stop prostate cancer growth for a period of up to one week. Their studies reveal that Ellagic acid from red raspberries is readily absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Ellagic acid retains its potency after heating, freezing and concentration processing. So whether consumed fresh, in juices, fruit spreads, preserves or sorbets, red raspberry has been recommended as a beneficial part of any healthy diet.

Ellagic acids do more than prevent cancer. Berries may also help prevent heart attacks because they contain a natural form of aspirin called salicylates. British researchers analyzed the blood of subjects who were not taking any form of aspirin or drugs containing salicylates. They found salicylic acid and two related compounds present in blood, presumably from dietary sources, including raspberries and blackberries.

Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs) found in fish, flaxseed oil, and walnuts.

Possible benefits: reduces symptoms of BPH such as painful and frequent urgency to urinate; may also improve blood flow to the penis; possibly may help to prevent prostate cancer.

Ferulic Acid found in asparagus, cabbage, grains, spinach, and tomatoes. Anti tumor - promoter, anti inflammatory, anti-viral, and arteriodilator.

Fiber-both soluble and insoluble found in fruit, oatmeal, vegetables, whole grains.

Possible Benefit: Population studies suggest that a fiber-rich diet helps prevent both cancer and heart disease. Scientists suspect that one kind, insoluble fiber, prevents colon cancer in particular, possibly by increasing bulk and speeding waste through the colon, binding with carcinogens and producing anticancer substances along the way. Whole wheat and wheat bran are rich sources.

The second type, soluble fiber, appears to lower cholesterol and is abundant in oats, barley, legumes and vegetables such as potatoes. Most fruits, vegetables and grains contain a combination of the two types. Americans currently consume about 13 grams of fiber a day; the Daily Values on food labels, based on a 2,000-calorie diet, suggest 25 grams.

Flavonoids found in fruit, grains, nuts, and vegetables.

Possible benefits: flavonoids

Flaxseed oil.

Possible Benefits: flaxseed oil seems to have cancer-fighting properties and may reduce the risk of prostate cancer; the oil has also shown promise against male infertility and prostate problems. In addition, flaxseed oil protects against heart disease by lowering cholesterol and may prevent angina and high blood pressure.

Folate found in dried beans, okra, peas, spinach.

Possible Benefits: helps to protect against heart disease and stroke.

Folic acid found in dark leafy greens.

Possible benefits:

Garlic (Aged) Extract

Possible benefits: A compound found in aged garlic dramatically slows the growth of prostate cancer cells, according to researchers at the Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. A substance found in aged garlic extract (AGE), S-allylmercaptocysteine, caused prostate cancer cells to break down testosterone at two to four times the normal rate and by a route that does not form dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Cancer cell growth was slowed by up to 70 percent. The beneficial effects occurred at concentrations possible in people taking commercially marketed aged garlic (such as Waukunaga's Kyolic aged garlic extract). The garlic needs to be aged for at least one year.

Also, aged garlic extract exhibits protective antioxidant effects, slowing the damage caused by free radicals. Research at Loma Linda University found that AGE protected blood vessels from free radical damage by enhancing two antioxidant enzyme systems -- the glutathione redox cycle and superoxide dismutase activity.

Raloff J. Aged garlic could slow prostate cancer. Science News. April 19, 1997; 151:239.
Geng Z., Lau BHS. Aged garlic extract modulates glutathione redox cycle and superoxide dismutase activity in vascular endothelial cells. Phytother. Res. 8:408-412.

Genistein found in soy products (with isoflavones).

Possible benefits: In immune-deficient mice implanted with human prostate cancer cells, genistein has been shown to slow tumor growth. Observations of prostate cancer cell cultures indicate that genistein may also inhibit the development of a tumor's nutrient blood supply (angiogenesis), a critical requirement for tumor growth and metastasis.

In addition, genistein inhibits several other enzymes that regulate cell growth. Genistein is an isoflavone derivative that is proving to be a strong inhibitor of cancer and may be useful in the creation of new anti-cancer drugs.

A study at the University Hospital of South Manchester (UK) found genistein and its metabolite, genistein, to be the most effective phytoestrogenes in inhibiting the growth of prostatic cell lines.

An isoflavone, like daidzein, uniquely abundant in soyfoods; some of it is converted in the intestines to a compound that acts as a weak estrogen (phytoestrogen); the subject of hundreds of studies. Scientists believe it may be a significant anticancer force, particularly with hormone-related cancers such as breast cancer. It also may offer protection against cardiovascular disease by reducing blood clotting and/or cholesterol levels. Further, it may play a role in bone health and in relieving menopausal symptoms.

Geraniol Lemon and orange oils contain limonene and geraniol.

Possible benefits: The components are shown to inhibit tumor growth. Because these oils are contained only in the peels of the fruit, researchers are looking at ways to include rinds in filtered juices. However, modified forms of citrus pectin, found in fruit pulp, have been found in one study to inhibit the spread of prostate tumors in mice. Much more study is needed before the benefit of lemon and orange oils is proven in human cases.

Gingerols found in ginger.

Possible benefits: inhibits prostate cancer cell growth formation of thrmboxane ( the cause to consume aspirin).

Ginger contains a dozen phenolic compounds, known as gingerols and diarylhaptanoids, that have an antioxidant activity that is even greater than alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). The compounds responsible for the flavors of many common herbs and seasonings are terpenoids. The terpenoids in herbs are reported to be useful cancer chemopreventive agents

Has also been shown to have potent cancer fighting potential in lab tests and effectively inhibits platelet aggregation. Fresh ginger contains a pungent substance called gingerol; when ginger is dried and stored, another substance, zingerone, is formed. Both substances are believed to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and, therefore, may be cancer-protective.

A traditional remedy for colds, ginger contains the antioxidants gingerol, shagaol, and zingerone. Zingerone reacts with free radicals that can cause tissue damage and inflammation. Studies by researchers at Case Western University show that a topically applied extract containing zingerone may help prevent some skin cancers. In capsule form, ginger can replace anti-inflammatory drugs. Garlic increases protection from stomach cancer by increasing the production of Glutathione-S-transferase.

Glutathione found in onions and potatoes.

Possible benefits: A water-soluble antioxidant found in onions and potatoes that may detoxify cancer-causing substances. It also supports the actions of other antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E and beta carotene.

Glutathione-S-transferase found in ginger and onions.

Possible benefits: A traditional remedy for colds, ginger contains the antioxidants gingerol, shagaol, and zingerone. Zingerone reacts with free radicals that can cause tissue damage and inflammation. Studies by researchers at Case Western University show that a topically applied extract containing zingerone may help prevent some skin cancers. In capsule form, ginger can replace anti-inflammatory drugs. Garlic increases protection from stomach cancer by increasing the production of Glutathione-S-transferase.

Onions in any form contain diallylsul fide, which also prompts the body to make more Glutathione-S-transferase, a natural ally in the fight against stomach cancer.

Green tea extract: Phytochemicals in tea reduce Glycolosis (cancer cells’ main energy supply), thereby helping starve cancer cells to death.

Indoles found in cruciferous vegetables - bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collard greens, horseradish, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, rutabaga, spinach, turnip, turnip greens, and watercress.

Possible benefits: stimulates enzymes that make estrogen less effective, a potential help in fighting breast cancer. Good for maintaining prostate health by blocking enzymes that may produce changes in cells that lead to cancer; a recent study found that men who consumed a diet rich in cruciferous vegetables had a significantly lower risk of prostate cancer.

Found throughout nature, this aromatic nitrogen heterocycle assumes the form of a potent cancer fighter in vegetables. Indoles may prevent carcinogens from reaching their intended goal inside of cells. One, indole-3-carbinol, may help protect against estrogen-related cancers, such as breast cancer.

Indole-3 carbinol: This compound, found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables.

Possible benefits: interferes with the production of estrogens from androgens, and may affect sex-hormone metabolism involved in the progression of prostate cancer.

Isoflavones found in soybeans.

Possible benefits: research using cells indicates that the soybean Isoflavones genistein inhibits the growth of blood vessels. Tumors need to stimulate the growth off blood vessels to receive oxygen and nutrients. Without these new blood vessels tumors can't grow. Recent preliminary data suggest that soy may inhibit the growth of blood vessels in humans. Thus, Isoflavones may actually be useful in the treatment of existing tumors.

Soy contains at least eight known classes of anti-cancer and cell anti-proliferation components. These include the, protease inhibitors, phytates, phytosterols, saponins, phenolic acids, omega-3 fatty acids, phospholipids (lecithin) and phytoestrogenes isoflavones.

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) found in cruciferous vegetables (bok choy, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, collard greens, horseradish, kale, kohlrabi, radish, rutabaga, turnips, turnip greens and watercress.

Possible benefits: include reduced risk of tobacco-induced tumors. Fights against breast cancer and prostate cancer. Good for lowering prostate cancer risk because they boost the immune system and deactivate carcinogens.

Kelp

Kelp contains nearly thirty minerals which nourish the glands (especially the thyroid and pituitary). By enhancing the action of the glandular system, it helps balance the body's metabolism and rate at which it burns calories. Kelp, also known as seaweed, grows in the rich ocean beds, far below surface pollution levels.

Because of its high nutrient content, this herb is reputedly beneficial for a wide range of applications. It is known to nourish the sensory nerves, brain membranes, also spinal cord and brain tissue. Kelp contains alginic acid which can help protect the body against the effects of radiation.

Lecithins found in soybeans, egg yolks, liver, wheat germ, and peanuts.

Possible benefits: Lecithins are composed of a phosphate group, a choline group and two fatty acids (such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid). Since the two fatty acids can vary, different forms of lecithin exist. A study in mice indicated lecithin had a preventive effect against lung cancer.

Lentinan found in shiitake mushrooms.

Possible Benefits: because it may activate and raise cancer-fighting immune cells, lentinan may have an anti-cancer effect against prostate cancer. Clinical studies are assessing its efficacy as a prostate cancer treatment in larger doses.

Lignans found in berries, cereal bran, flaxseeds, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, whole grain cereals, and fibrous vegetables such as asparagus, broccoli, carrots, cauliflower, spinach, squash, whole legumes (including soy), and high fiber foods (especially seeds).

Possible Benefits: by exerting a mild phytoestrogenic effect upon hormone metabolism, lignans may be helpful in combating the onset of hormone dependent prostate cancer. Benefits include: reduced risk of colon cancer; reduced blood glucose and cholesterol.

Limonene: Lemon and orange oils contain limonene and geraniol. Also found in cumin. Limonene is derived from the essential oils of citrus fruits, mints, caraway, dill, lemongrass, and other plants.

Possible benefits: components of lemon and orange oils have been shown to inhibit tumor growth. Because these oils are contained only in the peels of the fruit, researchers are looking at ways to include rinds in filtered juices. However, modified forms of citrus pectin, found in fruit pulp, have been found in one study to inhibit the spread of prostate tumors in mice. Much more study is needed before the benefit of lemon and orange oils is proven in human cases.

Cumin, which is used in Indian cooking and comes in black and yellow -brown varieties, contains the anticancer agents carevol and limonene. A study of 964 urology patients at Israel’s Western Galilee Hospital showed that the patients consuming the most water, olive oil, and cumin were least likely to develop prostate cancer.

Limonene a monoterpene, which shows so much promise for cancer treatment, is the same substance that gives lemon scent to furniture polish and grease-cutting power to detergent. (One scientist once described how it dissolved a researcher's plastic pipette.) It is found in citrus oils, as well as garlic and the oils of other plants; it is used in Japan to dissolve gallstones. Limonene and its chemical cousin, perillyl alcohol, show powerful anticancer effects in animals. In rats, limonene caused the complete regression of mammary tumors. Human studies are underway with cancer patients.

In the animal studies, limonene not only deterred new tumor formation, but caused the deterioration of existing tumors as well.

Lutein found in collard greens, corn, egg yolks, kale, peas, romaine lettuce, spinach, and yellow corn.

Possible Benefits: may be protective against prostate cancer because studies suggest that lutein and zeaxanthin work together as antioxidants, blocking damaging free radicals and carcinogens.

Luteolin found in celery, lemon, olive, and red pepper.

Possible Benefits:

Lycopene carotenoid found in apricots, grapefruit, guava, pink grapefruit, red peppers, tomatoes (cooked), tomato products, and watermelons. is a powerful antioxidant that has shown remarkable fighting power against degenerative diseases.

Possible benefits: reduces risk of prostate cancer; may reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. It is a powerful antioxidant that has shown remarkable fighting power against degenerative diseases.

Magnesium: found in almonds, beans, peas, seafood, spinach, and sunflower seeds.

Possible benefits: helps to maintain energy production and muscle activity.

Manganese: found in egg yolks, leafy greens, legumes, nuts, pineapples, pumpkinseeds, and whole grains.

Possible Benefits: some studies have shown low levels of manganese in men who are impotent.

Monoterpenes found in the essential oils of citrus fruits, cherries, spearmint and dill.

Possible benefits: A broad category of compounds that may prevent, slow and/or reverse the progression of some cancers as well as affect blood clotting and cholesterol. The two most notable are limonene and perillyl alcohol.

Monterpene Limonene is an antioxidant found in citrus peel and membrane, mint, caraway, thyme, coriander, lemon grass oil.

Possible benefits include reduced risk of skin and breast cancer; reduced cholesterol production; reduced premenstrual symptoms.

Oenin found in Black grapes and red wine. Helps prevent cancer and anti inflammatory.

Oleic Acid found in olive oil.

Possible benefits: the typical Mediterranean diet, rich in olive oil, has been found to be associated with lower levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, and lower blood pressure then many other diets.

Additional benefits have been associated with consumption of olive oil or oleic acid. Diets containing high amounts of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) including oleic acid have been shown to protect against mental decline in old age. A change from consumption of polyunsaturated to monounsaturated fats in the diet of certain diabetics increased their sensitivity to insulin and allowed easier control of their blood sugar levels.

Omega-3 fatty acids found in halibut, herring, mackerel, salmon, tuna, and walnuts.

Eat salmon, sardines, mackerel or herring. Regular consumption of oily, cold-water fish lowers the risk of prostate cancer. These particular fish are high in Omega-3 fatty acids which appear to be protective not only against prostate cancer but also breast and cardiovascular decease. Suggest two or three servings per week.

Possible Benefits: improve cardiovascular health by lowering triglyceride levels, blood pressure, and high cholesterol.

These particular fish are high in Omega-3 fatty acids which appear to be protective not only against prostate cancer but also breast and cardiovascular decease. Suggest two or three servings per week.

Organosulfides found in cruciferous vegetables.

Possible benefits: The mostly smelly compounds in the allium (onion-garlic) and cruciferous (broccoli-kale) families. Dithiolthiones, including sulforophane, and indoles are the dominant ones in the cruciferous vegetables; they work primarily against cancer. Allium compounds such as diallyl sulfide are operative in the allium vegetables, especially garlic; they have a variety of anticancer and heart health functions.

Organosulfur compounds found in alliums (garlic, onions, leeks, chives) watercress, and cruciferous vegetables.

Possible benefits: include reduced risk of gastric, colon, and lung cancers; enhanced immune system; inhibited tumor promotion; reduced cholesterol; lower blood pressure.

Organosulfides found in the allium (onion-garlic) and cruciferous (broccoli-kale) families.

Possible benefits: Dithiolthiones, including sulforophane, and indoles are the dominant ones in the cruciferous vegetables; they work primarily against cancer. Allium compounds such as diallyl sulfide are operative in the allium vegetables, especially garlic; they have a variety of anticancer and heart health functions.

Para-Coumaric Acid found in asparagus, cabbage, spinach, tomatoes, and white grapes.

Possible benefits: Helps prevent cancer and tumors.

Phenolic

Possible benefits: phenolic compound based on the coumarin heterocyclic nucleus, para-coumaric acid inhibits the development of stomach cancer by stopping the formation of nasty nitrosamines.

Parsley (leaf, root) contains ingredients that can help reduce activity of enzymes called epithelial growth factors, which also stimulate the growth and spread of cancer.

Possible Benefit: used traditionally for diseases of the prostate.

Perillyl Alcohol found in citrus oil.

Possible benefits: The limonene cousin that has been shown in animal studies to shrink tumors in animals, including stubborn pancreatic tumors. Found in citrus oils, this monterpene is being tested on humans. The intervention trials are using amounts far greater than what is ordinarily consumed from fruits and vegetables.

Phenolic Acid found in cruciferous vegetable, eggplant, peppers, tomatoes, celery, parsley, soy, flaxseed, citrus, whole grains, cherries, berries.

Possible benefits: fights cancer through nitrosamine formation.

Phenols found in cranberries ranked No. 1 in antioxidants.

Possible benefits: An antioxidant comparison of some of the most common fruits found that the little red berry -- in its pure form -- contained the highest quantity of disease-fighting phenols, a type of antioxidant that is thought to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, stroke and heart disease.

The study is the most comprehensive to date of the quantity and quality of antioxidants in fruits, according to chemist Joe Vinson, of the University of Scranton in Pennsylvania. The study was reported in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.

Phytic acid found in wheat bran.

Phytoestrogens found in some types of berries, flax seed, soy products, and whole grains..

Possible benefits: Improve cholesterol, fight against breast cancer, and prevent bone loss. May reduce risk of prostate cancer by blocking or reducing testosterone levels. Asian men experience lower rates of prostate cancer than do their Western counterparts. Researchers speculate that it may be the protective compounds such as phytoestrogens in soy products that may be responsible for lower prostate cancer rates in Asian countries.

Polyacetylene found in parsley, carrots, and celery. Polyacetylene found in parsley, carrots, celery. Possible benefits: Fights tobacco induced tumors.

Possible benefits: Fights tobacco induced tumors. Polyacetylenes (found in parsley) prevent the synthesis of carcinogens

Polyphenols and Flavonoids are found in broccoli, apples, cherries, celery, onions, eggplant, tomatoes, and parsley.

Possible benefits: Help suppress tumor growth and prevent blood clots. They are also antioxidants.

Protein: found in amaranth, egg whites, lean meats, low-fat dairy products, quinoa, skinless chicken, and soy products.

Possible benefits: due to their greater muscle mass, men need adequate amounts of protein; the amino acids that form protein are required to form muscles.

Resveratrol: found in peanuts, red grape juice, red grapes, and red wine.

Possible Benefits: preliminary research suggests that resveratrol may inhibit the cancer causing activities associated with androgen receptors. Resveratrol may reduce androgen-stimulated cell growth and gene expression associated with prostate cancer.

Saponins found in beans and legumes.

Possible benefits: the plant biochemicals that produce suds in root beer are also effective antimicrobial, cholesterol-lowering, and anticancer phytochemicals. Some saponins, such as digitalis, are also used as heart medications. Saponins may prevent cancer cells from multiplying by influencing the DNA in the cells.

Selenium found in brazil nuts, grains, poultry, pumpkin seeds, and seafood.

Possible benefits: may protect against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as well as heart disease; may prevent oxidative damage to lipids, vitamins, hormones, and enzymes involved in normal prostate functioning; preliminary studies have shown that pumpkin seeds (high in selenium) may reduce hormonal damage to prostate cells, thus possibly reducing the risk of developing prostate cancer.

The linolenic acid in pumpkinseeds may help to prevent hardening of the arteries, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. Scientists believe that the phytosterol content of pumpkin seeds improves urine flow among men with enlarged prostate glands. Selenium is also believed to be good for sperm motility and mobility; nearly 50% of the selenium in a man is in the testes and seminal ducts; men lose selenium in their semen.

Silymarin found in artichokes.

Possible benefits: may protect against prostate cancer because studies suggest silymarin may inhibit tumor formation.

Squalene found in Olive oil.

Possible benefits: a compound that inhibits a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis and also may have tumor-inhibitory activity by inhibiting cancer signaling through the ras oncogene. Mutated ras oncogene activation may be important in many cancers, including cancer of the breast, colon, and pancreas.

Superoxide Dismutase is taken sublingually (under the tongue) or injected by a doctor. Zinc functions as an antioxidant and is the active element in the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Spirulina contains superoxide dismutase (SOD), a very effective antioxidant.

Possible benefits: This enzyme can reduce or de-activate Ras, the growth-promoting cancer gene. It is also crucial in causing cancer cells to self-destruct.

Quercetin found in apple skins, berries, brassica vegetables (bok choy, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cereals, cherries, and cauliflower, kale), grape juice, kohlrabi, oregano, pears, peppers, red and yellow onions, tea, tomatoes leaves, and wine. Quercetin, like parsley, this herb can also help retard activity of the enzymes that cause cancer growth and spread.

Possible benefits: may be the strongest of natures anti-inflammatories. Numerous studies have shown it effective in treating a wide range of prostate related problems. Quercetin is the major flavonol in the Western diet. Quercetin possesses both anticarcinogenic activity and the ability to inhibit LDL oxidation.

Other possible benefits: antioxidant; decreased Platelet aggregation. Oregano contains quercetin, which has strong antioxidant properties and may be especially protective against breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers.

A recent U.S. Department of Agriculture study shows that oregano offers the most antioxidant activity of all herbs examined: 42 times more antioxidant activity than apples, 30 times more than potatoes and 12 times more than oranges. Like parsley, this herb can also help retard activity of the enzymes that cause cancer growth and spread.

Resveratrol found in red wine and in the skin of grapes, this antioxidant has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in cell culture (62).

Possible benefits: Enhance the immune system and accelerate wound healing.

Sterols found in vegetable oil.

Possible benefits: Lowers cholesterol.

Sulforaphane found in brussel sprouts, broccoli, cabbage, kale, radish, horseradish, mustard greens and turnips.

Possible benefits: inhibits tobacco-related carcinogens from binding DNA. Sulforaphane, a compound that may increase the activity of enzymes that inactivate cancer-causing chemicals. These vegetables also contain compounds that affect estrogen metabolism, which interferes with carcinogen action.

Tangeritin is found in citrus fruits and their juices.

Possible benefits: tangeritin may help prevent cancers of the head and neck.

Taxifolin found in citrus fruit.

Possible benefits: Helps prevent cancer.

Terpenes found in bay, marjoram, oranges, saffron, and thyme.

Possible benefits: Sources of Cancer-Fighting Agents.

Turmeric, found in curry and cumin, gets its yellow pigment from curcumin, a property found to have anti-cancer effects in cell culture. Some of the world's lowest rates of cancer occurrence are found in parts of India, where a variety of spices is used.

New tests suggest curcumin helps stifle cancer. In test tubes, 80 percent of malignant prostate cells committed suicide when exposed to curcumin. Feeding mice curcumin dramatically slowed the growth of implanted human prostate cancer cells. It may do the same in breast and colon cancer cells, researchers say, speculating that curcumin blocks activation of genes that trigger cancer.

Bonus: Curcumin's anti-inflammatory activity reduces the arthritic swelling and progressive brain damage in animals. In UCLA research, eating food laced with low doses of curcumin slashed Alzheimer's-like plaque in the brains of mice by 50 percent.

Turmeric is a perennial plant native to East India and most of the Pacific Islands. It belongs to the ginger family and has curcumin as its active ingredient. Curcumin, the phytochemical responsible for turmeric's yellow pigment, is a potent antimutagenic agent and is being studied for its activity against cancer, inflammation, and platelet aggregation. Turmeric has been shown to lower blood cholesterol, encourage weight loss, assist and strengthen the liver, and to stimulate digestion.

The substance that gives turmeric its yellow color is curcumin, which in cell studies slowed the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. Other studies show protection against cancers of the colon, skin and mouth. Researchers also believe it may be protective against heart disease and Alzheimer's.

VITAMIN A found in apricots, dairy products, egg yolks, fish oil, green and yellow vegetables, (carrots and greens), and pumpkin.

Possible benefits: Beta Carotene helps reduce incidence of cancer (mouth, cervix, bladder, rectum, pharynx, esophagus, colon and stomach) help reduce incidence of blindness in children, help wounds healing and anti-aging.

Vitamin B6 found in bananas, breads, corn, eggs, lean meat, nuts, peanuts, potatoes, seeds, wheat germ, whole grain cereals.

Possible benefits: helps to metabolize protein and essential fatty acids, important for the maintenance of almost all of the body's functions; recent surveys show that men in the U.S. do not get proper amounts of vitamin B6.

Vitamin C found in broccoli, cabbage, citrus fruits (grapefruit, lemons, oranges), cranberries, leafy green vegetables (kale, spinach), melons, peppers, potatoes, strawberries, and tomatoes.

Possible benefits: may lower blood pressure according to clinical studies; because of its antioxidant and immune-boosting properties, vitamin C may be useful for prostate cancer and prostate problems.

Vitamin C is the most effective water-soluble antioxidant, especially abundant in citrus fruits. Dr. Balz Frei, director of the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University, calls it the "first line of antioxidant defense in human plasma." It works in concert with vitamin E to help slow LDL oxidation, as well as protecting against some cancers. It also protects parts of the eye against oxidative damage from ultraviolet light and may prevent cataracts.

Increases the effectiveness of immune system, reduces and prevents the symptoms of viral infections, reduces risk of cancer to the lungs, stomach and esophagus. Neutralizes free radicals produced by white blood cell activity.

Vitamin D helps promote production of enzymes called phosphotases, which help de-activate other enzymes called kinases, essential to growth and reproduction of cancer cells.

Vitamin E found in avocados, cereals, eggs, green leafy vegetables, legumes, molasses, nuts, oils, olive oil, seeds, vegetables, and whole grain breads.

Possible benefits: recent surveys show that men in the U.S. do not get proper amounts of vitamin E; vitamin E may also protect against prostate cancer. It also shows anticancer promise. Helps prevent the free-radical oxidation of cholesterol, help protect against Alzheimer's disease, prevent free radical assault on cell walls and thus help fight cancer.

Zeaxanthin found in spinach.

Possible benefits: ounce for ounce, spinach contains more than twice as much zeaxanthin and more than 60 times as much lutein as yellow corn.

Zinc found in lean red meat, spinach, oysters, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, and whole grain foods.

Possible benefits: helps to maintain semen volume and adequate levels of testosterone; helps to maintain sex drive and keeps sperm healthy, good for the libido; the prostate gland contains the highest concentration of zinc in the body; foods high in zinc may relieve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Sources: ProducePair.Com, Arizona Cancer Center, PMA, National Cancer Institute, The Packer, North American Blueberry Council

Aloha From Hawaii!

Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals in Plants Can Fight Cancer

Mahalo (Thanks)! Keywords: prostate cancer, PSA, PSA (prostate specific antigen), lowering PSA, prostate cancer alternatives, prostate cancer treatments, cancer news, cancerous, diet can fight cancer, exercise can fight cancer, full spectrum light can fight cancer, watchful waiting, cancer alternatives warnings, prostate cancer natural alternatives, prostate cancer information, Recipes to Prevent and Reduce Cancer, Prostate Cancer Alternatives, Benefits of Eating Plants with Good Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals, Diet and Exercise Can Fight Prostate Cancer, Metastic Prostate Cancer, Lowering Your PSA Naturally! Complementary medicine. Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals in Plants Can Fight Cancer

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Last modified: May 07, 2005